Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 7 Articles
To improve therapy with several important drugs controlled release dosage forms have been extensively used. However, many times development process creates difficulties such as inability to localize and restrain dosage form within desire region of GIT and variable nature of gastric emptying process. This variability leads to unpredictable results, bioavailibity and varying plasma levels. The purpose of this review to compile information with special focus on sustained release gastro retentive dosage form that are recently leading methodology for control release of drug. There are various approaches uses for gastric retention of dosage form i.e. high density (sinking), floating, bio- or Mucoadhesive, expandable, unfoldable, super porous hydro gel and magnetic systems. Floating dosage form are emerging as promising dosage form. Floating dosage form can be prepared as tablet, capsule by adding suitable ingredient as well as gas generating agent. In this review various approaches used in gastro retentive drug delivery system along with recent development are discussed....
The current focus in development of cancer therapies is on targeted drug delivery to provide therapeutic concentrations of anticancer agents at the site of action and spare the normal tissues. There are a variety of different delivery strategies that are either currently being used or are in the testing stage to treat human cancers which are discussed in this review. In that first of Nano particles can be used in targeted drug delivery at the site of disease to improve the uptake of poorly soluble drugs, the targeting of drugs to a specific site, and drug bioavailability. In that second drug delivery to brain tumors, since the brain is the most sensitive and complex organ in the human body and it would not make sense for it to become the battleground of infection and immune response. The usual noninvasive approach to solving the brain drug delivery problem is to lipidize the drug, The water -soluble parts of the drugs restricts blood brain barrier transport conversion of water-soluble drug into lipid-soluble pro drug is the traditional chemistry driven solution to the blood brain barrier problem....
The goal of this work was to evaluate tissue-device interactions due to\r\nimplantation of a mechanically operated drug delivery system onto the posterior sclera.\r\nTwo test devices were designed and fabricated to model elements of the drug delivery\r\ndeviceââ?¬â?one containing a free-spinning ball bearing and the other encasing two articulating\r\ngears. Openings in the base of test devices modeled ports for drug passage from device to\r\nsclera. Porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membranes were attached to half of the\r\ngear devices to minimize tissue ingrowth through these ports. Test devices were sutured\r\nonto rabbit eyes for 10 weeks. Tissue-device interactions were evaluated histologically and\r\nmechanically after removal to determine effects on device function and changes in\r\nsurrounding tissue. Test devices were generally well-tolerated during residence in the\r\nanimal. All devices encouraged fibrous tissue formation between the sclera and the device,\r\nfibrous tissue encapsulation and invasion around the device, and inflammation of the\r\nconjunctiva. Gear devices encouraged significantly greater inflammation in all cases and a\r\nlarger rate of tissue ingrowth. PTFE membranes prevented tissue invasion through the\r\ncovered drug ports, though tissue migrated in through other smaller openings. The torque\r\nrequired to turn the mechanical elements increased over 1000 times for gear devices, but\r\nonly on the order of 100 times for membrane-covered gear devices and less than 100 times\r\nfor ball bearing devices. Maintaining a lower device profile, minimizing microscale motion on the eye surface and covering drug ports with a porous membrane may minimize\r\ninflammation, decreasing the risk of damage to surrounding tissues and minimizing\r\ndisruption of device operation....
Oral route of drug administration has been one of the most convenient and accepted route of drug delivery and amongst it, the intraoral route is the most preferred due to its convenience and rapid onset of action. Fast dissolving oral strip is the novel and most advanced form of oral solid dosage form. It improves the efficacy of APIs by dissolving within few second on tongue without chewing and need of water. It’s mainly used for a local action and quick release of a drug in geriatric, pediatric and mentally ill patients. Recently, most of the research groups are focusing their research on this dosage forms due to much advantage over mouth dissolving tablet. Fast dissolving oral strip is an alternative of mouth dissolving tablets due to the consumer’s preference due to immediate effect. This technology is in its beginning stage and has a bright future ahead due to its much advantage over mouth dissolving tablet. The review article is an overview of oral strips encompassing materials used in oral strips, critical manufacturing aspects, applications and evaluations of this dosage forms....
Lorazepam is a highly effective drug of a benzodiazepine group which has all the five intrinsic properties of these groups. It is available as a conventional, sublingual tablet. An effort has been made to formulate it as an orodispersible tablet by using direct compression and sublimation method. Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate are used as a superdisintegrant, ammonium bicarbonate used as a subliming agent. The prepared tablets were evaluated for both pre and post compression parameter including Carr’s index, angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Hardness, Friability, Wetting time, In vitro disintegration time, Water absorption ratio and In vitro drug release. All the formulas showed an acceptable flow character. All the prepared tablets exhibited a good mechanical strength except tablets containing 12% crospovidone and 10% ammonium bicarbonate which has a high percentage of friability. Crospovidone showed the shortest disintegration time among other superdisintegrants. Moreover the addition of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH102) in a suitable concentration to the formula containing crospovidone will decrease the disintegration time. Formula containing 12% crospovidone and 5% microcrystalline cellulose showed a lowest disintegration time (26.66 sec.), a good drug release profile in which the time required for 80% of the drug to be released (t80%) and percent drug dissolved in 2 min (D2min) were 1.3 min and 89.66% respectively, therefore it is selected as the best formula....
We encapsulated cyclosporine A (CsA) in poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs)\r\nby nanoprecipitation of CsA and PEG-PLGA. The resulting CsA/PEG-PLGA-NPs were <100nm in diameter with a narrow\r\nparticle size distribution. The NP size could be controlled by tuning the polymer concentration, solvent, or water/solvent ratio\r\nduring formulation. The PEGylated NPs maintained non-aggregated in salt solution. Solid NPs lyoprotected with bovine serum\r\nalbumin were prepared for the convenience of storage and transportation. The release kinetics of CsA (55.6% released on Day 1)\r\nshowed potential for maintaining therapeutic CsA concentrations in vivo. In T-cell assays, both free CsA and CsA/PEG-PLGA-NPs\r\nsuppressed T-cell proliferation and production of inflammatory cytokines dose dependently. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay,\r\nthe IC50 values for free CsA and CsA/PEG-PLGA-NPs were found to be 30 and 35 ng/mL, respectively. This nanoparticulate CsA\r\ndelivery technology constitutes a strong basis for future targeted delivery of immunosuppressive drugs with improved efficiency\r\nand potentially reduced toxicity....
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of transfersomal formulation for transdermal delivery of Diltiazem hydrochloride. The surfactant used to prepare the transfersome were Tween 80, Sodium cholate, Sodium deoxycholate and soybean lecithin (PC) as phospholipids. The lipid/surfactant ratio (w/w) was 85:15, 90:10 and 95:5. Transfersome size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro skin permeation and in vivo transdermal absorption studies were performed using hairless mice. The Diltiazem hydrochloride permeated through rat skin showed three- to four-fold higher sustained effect using gel incorporating transfersomes compared to those from plain drug gel. The stability study of transfersome formulation revealed that the the degradation of diltiazem hydrochloride is independent of lipid composition but dependent on the storage temperature and age. These results suggest that gel incorporating transfersomes may be of value for the transdermal delivery of Diltiazem hydrochloride in the treatment of hypertension....
Loading....